1 O'CONNELL CENTER 7:50 P.M. ANDREW CARD FORMER WHITE HOUSE CHIEF OF STAFF >> GOOD EVENING. MY NAME IS ANDREW BROWN. IT IS WITH GREAT HONOR I INTRODUCE MYSELF AS ACCENT CHAIRMAN FOR THE 2006/2007 ACADEMIC SCHOOL YEAR. WHILE SPARKING DEBATE AND EXPANDING THE MIND OF STUDENTS, ACCENT'S BROUGHT IN CONTROVERSIAL SPEAKERS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA FOR OVER 40 YEARS, INCLUDING PAST PRESIDENTS, PRIME MINISTERS, POLITICIANS, MEDIA AND SPORTS LEGENDS, ACCENT'S GOAL IS TO ENGAGE THE STUDENT BODY OUTSIDE THE CLASSROOM TO FURTHER ENRICH THEM WITH KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION. ACCENT HAS HAD AN 2 EXCITING SEMESTER SO FAR, HOSTING CIVIL RIGHTS ACTIVIST, REVEREND AL SHARPTON AND WENDY AND DICK VITAE. ALL OF THESE EVENTS AND MANY MORE WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN POSSIBLE WITHOUT THE HELP OF THE ACCENT STAFF. EVERY VICE CHAIR, DIRECTOR AND ASSISTANT DIRECTOR HAS WORKED HARD TO SERVE THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA AND I WOULD LIKE TO SAY THANK YOU TO THEM ON BEHALF OF THE STUDENT BODY, GAINESVILLE COMMUNITY AND MYSELF. NONE OF THESE SHOWS WOULD BE POSSIBLE WITHOUT YOU. [ APPLAUSE ] >> ACCENT'S SUCCESS IS FILLED BY STUDENT INTEREST AND SUPPORT AND WE WOULD LOVE TO HEAR YOUR THOUGHTS OR ABOUT OUR ORGANIZATION IN GENERAL. PLEASE TAKE TIME TO VISIT OUR FEEDBACK TABLE UNDER GATE ONE. THOSE WHO DO SO WILL BE ENTERED INTO A RAFFLE. 3 ACCENT'S SPEAKER IS DESIGNED TO INSPIRE THE PIVOTAL ELECTIONS LESS THAN A WEEK AGO AND TO INCREASE STUDENT VOTER TURNOUT AMONG THE STUDENT BODY AND GAME IN COMMUNITY BY INSPIRING AND EDUCATING. MR. ANDREW CARD IS THE SECOND LONGEST SERVING WHITE HOUSE CHIEF OF STAFF. HE WAS APPOINTED CHIEF OF STAFF FOR PRESIDENT GEORGE W. BUSH. IT IS DURING HIS TIME FOR THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION HE BECAME WELL-KNOWN FOR WHISPERING IN THE PRESIDENT'S EAR TO NOTIFY HIM OF THE TERRORIST ATTACKS ON SEPTEMBER 11TH. HIS SERVICE RECORD INCLUDES SERVING IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF TWO FORMER PRESIDENTS ALONG WITH THE 11TH SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION FOR GEORGE H. BUSH IN 1992. LATER THAT YEAR, MR. CARD WAS DIRECTED TO COORDINATE THE DISASTER RELIEF EFFORTS FOR HURRICANE ANDREW AND 4 THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION AND BUSH ADMINISTRATION. HE SERVED AS THE DEPUTY CHIEF OF STAFF FOR PRESIDENT BUSH'S ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGED THE WHITE HOUSE STAFF DAILY AND PARTICIPATED IN ECONOMIC, FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC POLICY. IN THE POLITICAL ARENA, PRIOR TO BEING NAMED CHIEF OFF STAFF FOR MR. BUSH, MR. CARD SERVED IN THIS MASSACHUSETTS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FROM 1975 TO 1983. HE HAS ALSO BEEN NAMED LEGISLATOR OF THE YEAR BY THE NATIONAL LEGISLATOR'S ASSOCIATION AND RECEIVED A DISTINGUISHED LEGISLATOR'S AWARD AS WELL. HE ANNOUNCED HIS RESIGNATION IN MARCH 2006. IT BECAME EFFECTIVE APRIL 2006, HE HAS BEEN MENTIONED IN "THE STATE OF DENIAL: BUSH AT WAR, PART III." HE IS HERE TO TALK ABOUT THE UPCOMING MID-TERM ELECTION. THERE ARE TWO MICROPHONES 5 AVAILABLE, ONE LOCATED ON THE FLOOR AND ONE UNDER GATE ONE. IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS, PLEASE LINE UP AND ASK THEM. WE ASK YOU KEEP ALL YOUR QUESTIONS SHORT AND CONCISE, ALLOWING FOR THE MOST NUMBER OF QUESTIONS TO BE ASKED AND ANSWERED. AS PER REQUEST OF MR. CARD, WE ASK NO FLASH PHOTOGRAPHY, MOTION VIDEO OR RECORDING TAKEN AFTER THE FIRST FIVE MINUTES OF THIS SPEECH. PLEASE TAKE THIS TIME TO TURN OFF ALL CELL PHONE AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES. THANK YOU. WITHOUT FURTHER ADIEU, ACCENT SPEAKERS BUREAU AND THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA PROUDLY PRESENT MR. ANDREW CARD. [ APPLAUSE ] >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. THIS IS A GREAT PRIVILEGE FOR ME TO BE HERE. I WILL ADMIT I AM A GAMECOCK. I WENT TO THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA. I KNOW IN OPENING, THEY EAT 6 CHICKENS. IT'S A GREAT TRADITION TO BE AT A SCHOOL ACCENT IS A PART OF AND HONORED THEY INVITE ME TO PARTICIPATE WITH SOME OF YOU AND SHARE SOME OF MY THOUGHTS, MOST OF ALL, I HOPE WE HAVE A GOOD OPPORTUNITY TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS AND YOU APPRECIATE THE CANDOR OF MY ANSWERS. ALMOST EXACTLY SIX YEARS AGO, TO THE DAY, I REALIZED I WAS BEING ASKED TO BE THE PRESIDENT'S CHIEF OF STAFF. BELIEVE IT OR NOT, THAT REALIZATION CAME IN FLORIDA. IN TAMPA. LESS THAN A WEEK BEFORE THE ELECTIONS. I DIDN'T REALIZE THAT THE PRESIDENT WAS ASKING ME TO BE HIS CHIEF OF STAFF WHEN IT TURNS OUT HE WAS ASKING ME. BUT IT WAS AN UNBELIEVABLE INVITATION. AND INTERESTINGLY, YOU DON'T APPLY TO BE THE PRESIDENT'S CHIEF OF STAFF. YOU DON'T SEND YOUR RESUME TO 7 MONSTER.COM. SOMEONE FROM MASSACHUSETTS, WHERE MOST OF YOU WOULD HAVE NO CLUE WHAT I SAID, NORMALLY WOULD NOT FIT IN THE ORBIT OF A TEXAS GOVERNOR. BUT I WAS INVITED TO BE HIS CHIEF OF STAFF. THOSE TIMES WERE NOT UNLIKE THE TIMES WE'RE EXPERIENCING TODAY. YOU REMEMBER THAT ELECTION. IT WAS A CONTENTIOUS ELECTIONS. IT WAS A DISPUTED ELECTION, IT WAS CONTROVERSIAL AND IT WAS PARTISAN. IN FACT, EVERY ELECTION SINCE THAT ELECTION IN 2000 HAS BEEN DISPUTED AND CONTROVERSIAL AND, YES, PARTISAN. WE'RE ON THE EVE OF ANOTHER ELECTION. AND IT WILL BE FILLED WITH CONTROVERSY. IT WILL BE PARTISAN, BUT IT WILL ALSO BE A GREAT CELEBRATION. I'D LIKE TO EXPERIENCE THE FRUIT OF THE LABOR OF OUR FOREFATHERS IN A UNIQUE 8 WAY, FOLLOWING THAT CONTROVERSIAL ELECTIONS, IN THE YEAR 2000. AND IT DIDN'T HIT ME UNTIL A PRETTY EMOTIONAL MOMENT. IT WAS A COLD RAINY, ALMOST SNOWY DAY IN WASHINGTON D.C. AND I WOKE UP VERY EARLY, AND I HOPPED IN MY CAR, AND I DROVE TO THE BLAIR HOUSE, WHICH IS ON PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, RIGHT ACROSS THE STREET FROM AM THE WHITE HOUSE. THE BLAIR HOUSE HAD ACTUALLY BEEN USED AS THE PRESIDENT'S HOME BY PRESIDENT TRUMAN. WHEN I ARRIVED AT THE BLAIR HOUSE, THE GOVERNOR OF TEXAS WAS THERE, WITH HIS WIFE. AND AFTER GREETINGS, WE HOPPED INTO A LIMOUSINE, AND WERE DRIVEN ACROSS THE STREET TO 1600 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE. AND WE WERE TAKEN IN, PAST THE BIG COLUMNS ON THE FRONT OF THE BUILDING, TO THE BLUE ROOM. AND WE HAD COFFEE AND DANISH 9 AND A WONDERFUL CONVERSATION WITH THE PRESIDENT, AND WITH THE VICE PRESIDENT, AND SEVERAL MEMBERS OF THE CABINET. AND THEN WE PILED INTO LIMOUSINES AND WE ALL DROVE TO CAPITOL HILL. AND PROMPTLY AT NOONTIME, THE CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT, CHIEF JUSTICE REHNQUIST, CALLED LAURA BUSH TO JOIN HIM, AND SHE CARRIED WITH HER A BIBLE. AND THEN THE FORMER GOVERNOR OF TEXAS WAS INVITED TO JOIN THEM. HE PLACED HIS LEFT HAND ON THE BIBLE AND RAISED HIS RIGHT HAND, AND HE WAS ADMINISTERED AN OATH. IT IS THE SHORTEST OATH TAKEN BY ANYONE WHO SERVES IN GOVERNMENT. IT'S WRITTEN RIGHT IN OUR CONSTITUTION, RIGHT IN ARTICLE II. IT CALLS FOR THE PRESIDENT TO PRESERVE, PROTECT AND DEFEND THE CONSTITUTION. THAT'S ALL IT SAYS. 10 WHEN GEORGE W. BUSH TOOK THAT OATH, I DOUBT THAT HE GAVE MUCH THOUGHT TO IT I SUSPECT HIS THOUGHTS WERE REALLY CENTERED AROUND THAT INAUGURAL ADDRESS HE WOULD BE DELIVERING, A TRULY HISTORIC ADDRESS. YOU SHOULD GO BACK AND READ IT, BECAUSE IT WAS VERY INSIGHTFUL. IT TALKED ABOUT HOPE AND RESPONSIBILITY. IT TALKED ABOUT DREAMS AND EXPECTATIONS. IT TALKED ABOUT CUTTING TAXES AND IT TALKED ABOUT EDUCATING EVERY CHILD. IT TALKED ABOUT HOUSING. IT TALKED ABOUT AMERICA. AND AFTER THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS WAS FINISHED, THE NEW PRESIDENT PILED INTO A LIMOUSINE, AND WE ALL HEADED DOWN PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE. HE WAS LEADING A GREAT PARADE. IN THE STREETS, MOST EVERYONE WAS WAVING WITH ALL DIGITS. THERE WERE A FEW SINGLE DIGIT 11 HELLOS. THEN THE PRESIDENT AND FIRST LADY GOT OUT OF THE LIMOUSINE, AS THEY WALKED THE LAST BLOCK AND A HALF OF THE PARADE, AND WENT TO A REVIEWING STAND OUTSIDE OF 1600 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE. I REMEMBER, AS THE PRESIDENT CAME INTO THE REVIEWING STAND, A MAN ASKED THE PRESIDENT IF HE WANTED TO COME BACK TO THE HOLDING AREA AND WARMUP AND HAVE A CUP OF HOT CHOCOLATE OR CUP OF COFFEE. THE PRESIDENT SAID NO. EVERYONE MARCHING IN THIS PARADE IS PAYING RESPECT TO THE PRESIDENT AND THE PRESIDENT IS GOING TO PAY RESPECT TO THEM. SO HE STAYED RIGHT THERE AS EVERY SINGLE UNIT MARCHED BY IN THAT PARADE. IT WAS A LONG PARADE. BUT AS THE LAST UNIT WENT BY, MY CELL PHONE RANG, IT WAS ONE OF THOSE UNBELIEVABLE PHONE CALLS YOU NEVER EVER 12 FORGET. BUT THIS ONE CAME FROM A JANITOR. A JANITOR IN THE WHITE HOUSE, WHO SAID, MR. CARD, WOULD YOU LIKE TO COME OVER TO THE WEST WING, TO SEE IF THE OVAL OFFICE IS READY FOR THE NEW PRESIDENT? WHAT A FABULOUS PHONE CALL TO GET. MY WIFE, KATHY AND I LEFT THE REVIEWING STAND. WE WENT IN THROUGH THE LOBBY OF THE WEST WING OF THE WHITE HOUSE. THROUGH THE ROOSEVELT ROOM, AND THERE WAS THE OVAL OFFICE. AND IT MIGHT HAVE BEEN COLD AND DARK AND UNINVITING OUTSIDE, BUT THAT NOOK WAS BRIGHT AND WARM AND INVITING. AND I WALKED IN. YOU COULD SMELL THE PAINT BECAUSE THEY PAINTED ALL OVER FOR THE NEW PRESIDENT. THERE WAS A WORKMAN HOOKING UP THE PRESIDENT'S SECURE TELEPHONE ON THE DESK. SOMEONE ELSE WAS SETTING UP THE PRESIDENT'S PICTURES ON THE 13 TABLE BEHIND ME. I WENT OVER AND STOOD BESIDE THE GRANDFATHER'S CLOCK, COMPLETELY AMAZED. I HEARD FOOTSTEPS OUT BY THE ROSE GARDEN ON THE COLONNADE. AND THE DOOR TO THE OVAL OFFICE OPENED UP, AND IN WALKED THE NEW PRESIDENT. THE TRUTH IS, IT WAS A PRIVATE MOMENT AND I SHOULDN'T HAVE BEEN THERE. I'D LIKE TO SAY I WANTED TO HIDE IN A CORNER BUT THERE ARE NO CORNERS IN THE OVAL OFFICE. THE PRESIDENT TOOK TWO STEPS INTO THE OVAL OFFICE AND LOOKED UP AT THE SEALING. THERE IN THE CEILING WAS THE SEAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. HE LOOKED AT THE FLOOR AND IN THE MIDDLE OF THE RUG IS THE SEAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. HE TURNED AROUND AND LOOKED AT THE DESK. IT'S A PHENOMENAL DESK, CALLED THE RESOLUTE DESK, NAMED AFTER A 14 SHIP CALLED THE HMS RESOLUTE. A BRITISH SHIP THAT HAD BEEN CAST ADRIFT IN THE ARCTIC. IT WAS FOUND BY SOME U.S. SAILORS, BROUGHT BACK TO THE UNITED STATES, TO CONNECTICUT, THE SHIP WAS COMPLETELY REFITTED, IT WAS PRESENTED BACK TO GREAT BRITAIN. THEN, WHEN THE SHIP WAS DECOMMISSIONED, QUEEN VICTORIA HAD THAT DESK CARVED WITH THE BEAMS AND SHIP AND PRESENTED IT TO PRESIDENT RUTHERFORD B. HAYES. IT'S BEEN USED BY ALMOST EVERY PRESIDENT SINCE THEN, NOT EVERY PRESIDENT BUT ALMOST EVERY PRESIDENT. IN FACT, THE MOST FAMOUS PICTURE TAKEN IN THE OVAL OFFICE IS OF JOHN KENNEDY, PEERING OUT THE DOOR -- JOHN KENNEDY, PEERING OUT THE DOOR AND THE FRONT OF THAT DESK. THE DESK WAS USED BY PRESIDENT KENNEDY. IT WAS USED BY TEDDY 15 ROOSEVELT. IT WAS USED BY RONALD REAGAN. IT WAS USED BY BILL CLINTON. AND NOW, IT'S GOING TO BE USED BY PRESIDENT GEORGE W. BUSH. AND CARVED ON THE FRONT OF THAT DESK, ON THE FRONT OF THAT DOOR, IS THE SEAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. NOT A WORD WAS SPOKEN. THE PRESIDENT WENT BEHIND THE DESK AND SAT DOWN. AND THEN WE HEARD FOOTSTEPS ON THE COLONNADE, RIGHT NEXT TO THE ROSE GARDEN. THE DOOR TO THE OVAL OFFICE OPENED UP. AND A GENTLEMAN WALKED IN AND SAID, MR. PRESIDENT! THE PRESIDENT LOOKED UP AND SAID, MR. PRESIDENT. IT WAS HIS FATHER. THEY WALKED AND STOOD TOGETHER, RIGHT UNDER THE SEAL OF THE PRESIDENT, RIGHT ON TOP OF THE SEAL OF THE PRESIDENT, AND RIGHT IN FRONT OF 16 THE SEAL OF THE PRESIDENT! AND TEARS WERE IN THEIR EYES, I WILL ADMIT, TEARS WERE STREAMING DOWN MY CHEEKS. IT WAS OBVIOUS THAT THEY HAD TREMENDOUS MUTUAL RESPECT. NOT JUST THE MUTUAL RESPECT OF A FATHER AND A SON, BUT MUTUAL RESPECT FOR THE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT. AS THE PRESIDENT'S CHIEF OF STAFF, I WAS IN A TRULY UNIQUE POSITION. AND I GOT TO EXERCISE A PHENOMENAL PRIVILEGE ALMOST EVERY MORNING. BECAUSE I WOULD BE THERE TO GREET THE PRESIDENT WHEN HE CAME TO WORK. AND HE WOULD USUALLY GET THERE AT 6:45 OR 7:00 IN THE MORNING. AND I REMEMBER LOCATING A BOX ON MY DESK, WOULD ANNOUNCE THE PRESIDENT WAS ON HIS WAY TO THE OVAL OFFICE. I WOULD RUN AWAY FROM MY DESK AND BE THERE TO OPEN THE DOOR FROM THE ROSE GARDEN AND 17 SAY, GOOD MORNING, MR. PRESIDENT. AND EVERY TIME I DID THAT, I FOUND THE PRESIDENT ENTERING THE OVAL OFFICE THE SAME WAY HE DID THAT VERY FIRST TIME. WITH TREMENDOUS RESPECT FOR THE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT. YOU KNOW, IT WAS ANOTHER DAY THAT HAD A GREAT IMPACT ON ME, AND ON THE PRESIDENT. AND UNLIKE THE COLD RAINY SNOWY DAY IN JANUARY OF 2001, THIS WAS A SPECTACULAR DAY, ALL ACROSS. THE SUN WAS SHINING IN NEW YORK, THE SKY WAS CLEAR, AND THE PRESIDENT WOKE IN SARASOTA, FLORIDA. I HAD GOTTEN UP VERY EARLY THAT MORNING AND I WALKED OUTSIDE, AND THE SUN WAS JUST STARTING TO COME UP. AND I ACTUALLY SAID TO THE PRESIDENT, IT'S GOING TO BE AN EASY DAY TODAY. YOU'RE GOING TO A SCHOOL, TO TALK ABOUT EDUCATION, TO TALK ABOUT READING. AND MENTORING. 18 AND TEACHING. PARENTAL RESPONSIBILITY. YOU'RE GOING TO TALK ABOUT LEAVING NO CHILD BEHIND. THEN WE WENT IN, AND WE HAD OUR CIA BRIEFING. WE GOT READY FOR THE DAY, WE DROVE OVER TO THE SCHOOL. IN A CLASSROOM SET UP, AND THE STUDENTS WERE GATHERED, THERE WAS A HIGH SCHOOL GYM THAT WAS FILLED WITH PEOPLE FROM THE COMMUNITY. AND JUST AS THE PRESIDENT WAS GETTING READY TO WALK INTO THAT CLASSROOM, WE WERE TOLD IT LOOKS LIKE A SMALL TWIN ENGINE PROP PLANE CRASHED INTO ONE OF THE TOWERS OF THE WORLD TRADE CENTER IN NEW YORK CITY. THE REACTION WAS, WHAT A HORRIBLE ACCIDENT, THE PILOT MUST HAVE HAD A HEART ATTACK OR SOMETHING. THE PRESIDENT OPENED THE DOOR AND WENT INTO THE CLASSROOM. 19 WHEN THE DOOR SHUT, I WAS TOLD, IT LOOKS LIKE IT WAS NOT A SMALL TWIN ENGINE PROP PLANE, BUT IN FACT A COMMERCIAL JETLINER. I ADMIT, THE IMMEDIATE THOUGHT THAT I HAD WAS OF THE FEAR THAT MUST HAVE BEEN EXPERIENCED BY THE PASSENGERS ON THAT PLANE. AND THEN I WAS TOLD, OH, MY GOSH, ANOTHER PLANE HAS HIT THE OTHER TOWER AT THE WORLD TRADE CENTER. I STOOD AT THAT DOOR AND PERFORMED A TEST THAT A CHIEF OF STAFF ALWAYS HAS TO PERFORM. DOES THE PRESIDENT NEED TO KNOW? THE ANSWER WAS OBVIOUS. HOW DO I TELL HIM? AND WHAT DO I SAY? I DECIDED THAT I WOULD PASS ON TWO FACTS, AND MAKE ONE EDITORIAL COMMENT. AND THAT I WOULD NOT BE IN A POSITION TO ENTER INTO A DISCUSSION WITH THE PRESIDENT, OR TAKE A QUESTION. 20 I OPENED THE DOOR TO THE CLASSROOM. AND I LOOKED UP, AND THERE WAS A REPORTER LOOKING AT ME, ANN COMPTON, FROM ABC. AND SHE MOUTHED TO ME, WHAT'S UP? AND I RESPONDED, INDICATING. AND SHE SAID, WHAT? AND THEN THERE WAS A BREAK IN THE CONVERSATION IN THE CLASSROOM. AND I WALKED UP TO THE PRESIDENT AND I BENT OVER, AND I WHISPERED INTO HIS RIGHT EAR, A SECOND PLANE HIT THE SECOND TOWER. AMERICA IS UNDER ATTACK. I THEN STOOD BACK FROM THE PRESIDENT, SO HE COULDN'T ASK ME A QUESTION. AND I WAS MIGHTILY IMPRESSED WITH HOW THE PRESIDENT REACTED. HE DID NOTHING TO INTRODUCE FEAR INTO THOSE VERY YOUNG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS. HE DID NOTHING TO DEMONSTRATE FEAR TO THE LENS OF THE MEDIA, TO THE 21 SATISFACTION OF THE TERRORISTS THAT PERFORMED THE HORRIBLE ACT. AND WHEN IT WAS APPROPRIATE, THE PRESIDENT EXCUSED HIMSELF FROM THE CLASSROOM, AND I WATCHED AS THE PRESIDENT MET THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF HIS OATH, TO PROTECT US. IT WAS A MOMENT THAT NOBODY WANTED TO HAVE. THE PRESIDENT CERTAINLY DIDN'T RELISH THE RESPONSIBILITY. BUT HE MET IT. AND I WATCHED AS THE PRESIDENT TOOK NOT ONLY THE ROLE AS PRESIDENT, BUT ALSO AS COMMANDER IN CHIEF. AFTER INFORMING THE PEOPLE WHO HAD GATHERED IN THAT HIGH SCHOOL GYM, AND THEN BEING WHISKED TO AIR FORCE 1, WE LEARNED MORE ABOUT A SECOND ATTACK AND OTHER PENDING THREATS. WE FOUND SAFE HAVEN ON AIR FORCE 1. WE TOOK OFF VERY QUICKLY AND CLIMBED VERY HIGH IN 22 THE SKY. AND BEGAN A SERPENTINE ROUTE TO FIND A SAFE PLACE TO LAND. AND THE PRESIDENT WAS ALWAYS ANXIOUS TO GET BACK TO WASHINGTON D.C. BUT THE SECRET SERVICE DID NOT WANT HIM TO GO THERE, WITH OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE NATURE OF THE ATTACKS. AND I COUNSELED THE PRESIDENT THAT HE COULDN'T GO THERE UNTIL WE KNEW WHAT WAS HAPPENING. WE LANDED AT AN AIR FORCE BASE IN LOUISIANA. AND TOOK SOME PEOPLE OFF THE PLANE, RECORDED A MESSAGE FOR THE AMERICAN PEOPLE. THEN WE PILED ON TO AIR FORCE 1 WITH A SMALLER NUMBER OF PEOPLE. AND WE FLEW TO THE AIR FORCE BASE IN OMAHA, NEBRASKA. AND WENT TO A ROOM THAT I ONLY SAW REPLICATED IN MOVIES. WHERE GENERALS AND ADMIRALS GATHERED IN STADIUM SEATING, WITH GIANT SCREENS, SHOWING FLIGHT PATHS OF 23 EVERY PLANE IN THE SKY. AND WE HEARD, AS THEY WERE ADDRESSING THE THREAT, THE PRESIDENT AND HIS COMMANDER IN CHIEF TOLD THEM TO KEEP WORKING. AND THEN WE WENT TO ANOTHER ROOM AND THE PRESIDENT PARTICIPATED IN A SECURE VIDEO CONFERENCE WITH HIS NATIONAL SECURITY TEAM. IT WAS IN A SECURE LOCATION BACK IN WASHINGTON D.C. AFTER THE MEETING, WITH THE PRESIDENT CHOMPING AT THE BIT, TO GET BACK TO WASHINGTON, WE PILED INTO AIR FORCE 1, AND WENT BACK TO THE NATION'S CAPITOL. THAT WAS A PRETTY EVENTFUL DAY, A DAY WE SHOULD NEVER FORGET BUT WE ARE ALL PREDISPOSED TO WANT TO FORGET IT. I SUPPOSE IT'S GOOD WE WANT TO FORGET THOSE KINDS OF PAINS. IF WE DIDN'T WANT TO FORGET THOSE KINDS OF PAINS, MOST OF US 24 WOULDN'T HAVE BROTHERS OR SISTERS BECAUSE OUR MOTHERS WOULDN'T HAVE SECOND CHILDREN. BUT WE CAN'T FORGET. BUT DESPITE THAT DAY BEING SO IMPORTANT, IT WAS NOT MY MOST MEMORABLE DAY IN THE WHITE HOUSE. MY MOST MEMORABLE DAY HAPPENED ON SEPTEMBER 14TH, 2001. I WOKE VERY EARLY IN THE MORNING, SOMETHING THE CHIEF OF STAFF HAS TO DO, WHETHER HE LIKES IT OR NOT, AT ABOUT 4:20. I WAS AT MY DESK BY 5:30 IN THE MORNING, AND I WAS PILING THROUGH THE WORK THAT THE CIA HAD PROVIDED, THE ECONOMIC ADVISOR, DOMESTIC ADVISOR, FOREIGN POLICY ADVISOR, TRIED TO SKIM THE NEWSPAPERS. WHEN THAT LOCATOR BOX ON MY DESK STARTED TO FLASH, BUT IT WAS A LITTLE EARLIER THAN NORMAL. THAT MEANT THE PRESIDENT WAS ON HIS WAY. SO I RUSHED DOWN TO THE OVAL 25 OFFICE, AND I COULD BARELY GET ON IT OF MY MOUTH, GOOD MORNING, MR. PRESIDENT, WHEN THE PRESIDENT STARTED TO DO WHAT I USED TO DO TO HIM. I USED TO TELL HIM WHAT HIS DAY WAS GOING TO BE LIKE. HE TOLD ME WHAT HIS DAY WAS GOING TO BE LIKE. AND HE HAD A VERY DIFFERENT REQUEST. SOMETHING THAT HAD PROBABLY NOT BEEN MADE OF A CHIEF OF STAFF SINCE THE ERA OF WATERGATE. HE TOLD ME HE WANTED TO SEE THE FBI DIRECTOR. AND GET A BRIEFING ON WHAT WAS BEING DONE TO PROTECT AMERICA. THAT DOESN'T SOUND LIKE A VERY BIG DEAL, BUT THOSE OF US WHO WERE STUDENTS OF WATERGATE UNDERSTAND THAT IT WAS. BECAUSE THE FBI DIRECTORS DIDN'T COME TO THE OVAL OFFICE VERY OFTEN. I RUSHED OUT AND CALLED RIGHT OVER TO THE FBI DIRECTOR, TO THE 26 JUSTICE DEPARTMENT. AND ASKED THAT THE FBI DIRECTOR COME OVER TO THE WHITE HOUSE AND BE THERE TO FOLLOW UP WITH A CIA BRIEFING THE PRESIDENT WOULD BE GETTING THAT MORNING. I WENT TO THE SENIOR STAFF MEETING AT 7:30, AT TWO MINUTES OF 8:00, JUMPED UP, WENT TO THE OVAL OFFICE AND SAT THERE AS THE PRESIDENT RECEIVED A BRIEFING FROM THE CIA BRIEFER. THE VICE PRESIDENT WAS THERE, THE NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISOR. THAT WAS NORMAL HAPPENING. BUT THEN AT 8:20, THE DOOR TO THE OVAL OFFICE OPENED UP AND IN WALKED THE FBI DIRECTOR. HE SAT DOWN, WITH HIS BRIEFER, HE STARTED TO GIVE A BRIEFING AS TO WHAT HAD HAPPENED ON SEPTEMBER 11TH. IT WAS LIKE THEY WERE BUILDING A CASE FOR PROSECUTION, WHICH WAS REALLY INTERESTING. BUT THE PRESIDENT INTERRUPTED 27 THE BRIEFING. AND SAID, THAT'S REALLY IMPORTANT, BUT I WANT TO KNOW WHAT YOU'RE DOING TO PREVENT THE NEXT ATTACK. THE FBI DIRECTOR SAID, WE'LL HAVE TO GET BACK TO YOU. THE MEETING ENDED. AND IT WAS A REMARKABLE MEETING, BECAUSE BUREAUCRACY WAS CHANGED. THAT'S HARD FOR EVEN THE PRESIDENT TO DO. THE MISSION OF THE FBI HAD A NEW TOP PRIORITY, PREVENTING THE NEXT ATTACK. IF THE DAY HAD ENDED RIGHT THEN, IT WOULD HAVE BEEN A PRETTY REMARKABLE DAY. IT WAS THE BEGINNING OF THE DAY. THE PRESIDENT WAS GETTING READY TO GO INTO A CABINET MEETING. JUST AS HE WAS WALKING OUT OF THE OVAL OFFICE TO HEAD TO THE CABINET ROOM, HE SAID TO ME, I WANT TO CONVENE THE WAR COUNCIL AT CAMP DAVID ON SATURDAY. THE WAR COUNCIL. WOW! 28 IF THE DAY HAD ENDED RIGHT THEN, IT WOULD HAVE BEEN PRETTY DIFFERENT. THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF, CONVENING THE WAR COUNCIL. HE WENT INTO THE CABINET ROOM. THE CABINET WAS ALL GATHERED, WE TOOK OUR SEATS. WE BEGAN THE WAY WE BEGIN EVERY CABINET MEETING, WITH A PRAYER. THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OFFERED THE PRAYER. THEN THE PRESIDENT TURNED TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR REPORT AND THEN TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE. BUT THEN THE PRESIDENT SPOKE. HE TOLD US, WE WERE AT WAR. HE SAID, WHILE WE'RE AT WAR, THE GOVERNMENT HAS A JOB TO DO. AND HE ADDRESSED LITERALLY EACH MEMBER OF THE CABINET AND REMINDED THEM OF THEIR RESPONSIBILITY. HE TALKED ABOUT THE ECONOMY. HE TALKED ABOUT JOBS. HE TALKED 29 ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT, HE TALKED ABOUT HOUSING. HE TALKED ABOUT GETTING RID OF DRUGS. HE TALKED ABOUT TRADE. HE TALKED ABOUT EDUCATION. HE TALKED ABOUT HEALTH CARE. HE TALKED ABOUT SECURITY. HE TALKED ABOUT HOPES AND DREAMS AND RESPONSIBILITY. IT WAS A TOUR OF FORCE, WHERE HE ADDRESSED LITERALLY EVERY MEMBER OF THE CABINET. HE SAID THEY HAD A JOB TO DO BECAUSE WE HAVE A JOB TO DO OF GOVERNING. WE COULD GOVERN AT THE SAME TIME WE HAD TO FIGHT A WAR. IF THE DAY ENDED RIGHT THEN, IT WOULD HAVE BEEN PRETTY PHENOMENAL. BUT IT DIDN'T. WE PILED INTO LIMOUSINES. THE CABINET LEFT FIRST. AND THEN THE PRESIDENT'S MOTORCADE WAS THE LAST ONE TO LEAVE THE WHITE HOUSE. WE HEADED TO A MIGHTY IMPRESSIVE BUILDING IN WASHINGTON 30 D.C. IT LOOMS OVER ALL OF THE OTHER BUILDINGS. IT'S CALLED THE NATIONAL CONVENE ROOM. IT'S HUGE STRUCTURE. AND EVERY SINGLE SEAT WAS TAKEN. THERE WERE GOVERNORS, MEMBERS OF CONGRESS AND SENATORS. THERE WERE DIPLOMATS. THERE WERE DOCTORS AND NURSES AND SCHOOL TEACHERS. THERE WERE REPRESENTATIVES OF EVERY CLERGY IN AMERICA. WE SAID PRAYERS. WE SANG HYMNS. WE HEARD MESSAGES OF HOPE. WE HEARD A GREAT SERMON FROM THE REVEREND BILLY GRAHAM. THEN THE PRESIDENT SPOKE. AND HE REMINDED US OF A HIGHER RESPONSIBILITY. AND HE PRAYED FOR OUR NATION, AND HE PRAYED FOR THE WORLD. AND WE SAID A PRAYER. AND THEN WE SANG A HYMN. THE MESSAGE WAS NOT JUST FOR THE PEOPLE IN THE NATIONAL 31 CATHEDRAL, IT WASN'T JUST FOR THE PEOPLE IN WASHINGTON D.C., IT WASN'T JUST FOR THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES. IT WAS FOR THE PEOPLE OF THE WORLD. AND IF THE DAY HAD ENDED RIGHT THEN, IT WOULD HAVE BEEN PRETTY REMARKABLE. THAT WASN'T THE END OF THE DAY. WE DROVE TO ANDREWS AIR FORCE BASE. AND THERE WAS THIS BEAUTIFUL 747. WITH THE WORDS "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" PAINTED ON THE FUSELAGE. AND THE SEAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. THE PRESIDENT CLIMBED THE STEPS, AND IT BECAME AIR FORCE 1. WE RUMBLED DOWN THE RUNWAY, AND WE TOOK OFF AND FLEW TO NEW JERSEY. AND GOT OFF THE PLANE, AND WERE MET BY THE GOVERNOR OF NEW YORK. AND THE MAYOR OF NEW YORK CITY. 32 THEN WE GOT ON A HELICOPTER. AND IT BECAME MARINE 1, AS SOON AS THE PRESIDENT GOT ON IT. WE TOOK OFF, AND WE FLEW OVER THE STATUTE OF LIBERTY. AND THE TORCH WAS GLEAMING. BUT THEN WE APPROACHED THE TIP OF MANHATTAN. AND THERE WAS A DARK HOLE. AND SMOKE WAS BILLOWING OUT OF THAT HOLE. AND AROUND THE EDGE, YOU COULD SEE THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE. WE CIRCLED THEM TWICE AND NO ONE SAID A WORD. THEN THE HELICOPTER LANDED, NOT TOO FAR FROM WALL STREET. WE GOT INTO LIMOUSINES. WE DROVE THROUGH THE STREETS OF NEW YORK. AND AS WE APPROACHED WHAT WE NOW CALL "GROUND ZERO," THE STREETS WERE LINED FIVE OR SIX OR TEN DEEP. THE PRESIDENT SAID TO THE SECRET SERVICE HE WANTED TO GET OUT OF THE LIMOUSINE AND GO TO THE POLICE 33 LINE. NO ONE HAD GONE THROUGH A MAGNETOMETER, NO ONE HAD HAD THEIR SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS RAN THROUGH THE COMPUTER. I'M SURE THE SECRET SERVICE WASN'T COMFORTABLE. THE PRESIDENT GOT OUT. AND HE WAS MET WITH CHEERS. AND TEARS. RESOLVE. THESE WERE THE RESCUERS. AND AS HE WORKED HIS WAY TO THE EDGE OF THAT HOLE THAT WE CALL "GROUND ZERO," HE CLIMBED UP ON WHAT WAS A CRUSHED FIRE ENGINE. AND HE STOOD NEXT TO FIREFIGHTER. AND THE CROWD WAS CHANTING USA, USA! I REMEMBER LOOKING TO MY LEFT, AND I SAW SOME PEOPLE HANGING OFF OF SCAFFOLDING, YELLING USA USA, BUT THEY HAD JAPANESE FLAGS ON THEIR UNIFORMS. THERE WERE WORKERS WITH SEARCH AND RESCUE DOGS AND THOSE WORKERS WERE 34 CHANTING USA, USA! THEY HAD CANADIAN FLAGS ON THEIR UNIFORMS. AND SOMEONE YELLED OUT, "CAN YOU HEAR US"? "CAN YOU HEAR US? " THE PRESIDENT SAID, "I CAN HEAR YOU." "THE WHOLE WORLD HEARS YOU." IF THE DAY ENDED RIGHT THEN, IT WOULD HAVE BEEN A PRETTY REMARKABLE DAY, BUT IT DIDN'T. WE GOT IN THE LIMOUSINE AND DROVE TO WHAT IS THE JACOB JAVINE CENTER, A HUGE CONVENTION FACILITY, PROBABLY 50 TIMES THE SIZE OF THIS BUILDING. WHEN THE LIMOUSINE DROVE INTO THE BUILDING, THERE WERE THESE STALLS OF PEOPLE, AND THEY WERE ALL VOLUNTEERS AND RESCUE WORKERS, FROM EVERY STATE IN THE UNION, AND SOME 38 COUNTRIES AROUND THE GLOBE. AND THEY WERE THE NEXT GROUP 35 TO GO WORK ON THE RESCUE EFFORT AND GROUND ZERO. THE PRESIDENT WENT TO EVERY SINGLE UNIT AND THANKED THEM FOR BEING HERE. AND IF THE DAY HAD ENDED RIGHT THEN, IT WOULD HAVE BEEN PRETTY REMARKABLE, BUT IT DIDN'T. WE WERE ASKED TO PILE INTO THE CARS AND DRIVE TO ANOTHER PART OF THE BUILDING. WHEN THE DOOR TO THE LIMOUSINE OPENED UP, THE PRESIDENT GOT OUT. THE ADVANCE MAN SAID, MR. PRESIDENT, IN THIS NEXT AREA, BEHIND BLUE PIPE AND DRAPE, HE SAID THEY HAD A MICROPHONE SET UP AND THOUGHT THE PRESIDENT WOULD GO IN THERE AND SPEND ABOUT 20 TO 30 MINUTES AND TALK TO THE PEOPLE GATHERED THERE. THEY WERE THE FAMILIES OF THE POLICEMEN AND FIREMEN THAT WERE STILL MISSING DOWN AT GROUND ZERO. 36 THE PRESIDENT SAID, I'M NOT GOING TO THE MICROPHONE AND HE JUST WALKED INTO THE ROOM. NORMALLY, WHEN THE PRESIDENT WALKS INTO THE ROOM, PEOPLE COME TO HIM. THAT'S NOT WHAT HAPPENED. THE PRESIDENT WENT TO EACH AND EVERY ONE OF THEM. THERE WERE PRAYERS. AND THERE WAS TREMENDOUS HOPE AND OPTIMISM. THERE WAS GREAT FAITH. THERE WERE TEARS, THERE WAS FEAR. THERE WAS SOME LAUGHTER. THERE WERE LOTS OF HUGS. THERE WAS LOTS OF SILENCE. I REMEMBER THE PRESIDENT BEING HANDED A BADGE, A BADGE FROM 1012 . AND HE SAID HE WOULD NEVER FORGET IT. BADGE NUMBER 1012. AND THE PLEA WAS NOT TO FORGET IT. THE PRESIDENT SAID THERE ABOUT AN HOUR AND 40 MINUTES. THERE I WANT ONE PERSON THAT HE DIDN'T 37 TOUCH OR SHARE A PRAYER WITH, OR A HUG OR A TEAR. AND WHEN HE GOT IN THE LIMOUSINE, HE DIDN'T SAY ANYTHING. WE DROVE TO THE HELICOPTER LANDING PAD AND WE GOT ON MARINE 1. THE PRESIDENT DIDN'T SAY ANYTHING. WE GOT OFF THE HELICOPTER AND WE GOT ON A VERY SMALL JET. IT BECAME AIR FORCE 1 AS SOON AS THE PRESIDENT GOT ON IT. WE TOOK OFF AT HABERSTOWN, MARYLAND, NOT TOO FAR FROM CAMP DAVID. ON THE PLANE WAS A PILOT AND CO-PILOT, A COMMUNICATIONS OFFICER, STEWARD, DOCTOR, NURSE, EVER PRESIDENT MILITARY AIDE AND COUPLE SECRET SERVICE AGENTS, AND ME. I SAT RIGHT ACROSS FROM THE PRESIDENT. AND I SAID TO MYSELF, 38 HE'S EXHAUSTED. HE WAS PHYSICALLY EXHAUSTED. HE WAS MENTALLY EXHAUSTED. HE WAS EMOTIONALLY EXHAUSTED. HE WAS SPIRITUALLY EXHAUSTED. I SAID, MR. PRESIDENT, THANK YOU VERY MUCH. YOU WERE A GREAT PRESIDENT TODAY. YOU DID EVERYTHING A PRESIDENT COULD POSSIBLY BE EXPECTED TO DO. YOU CHANGED THE BUREAUCRACY AND GAVE THE FBI A NEW MISSION. AS COMMANDER IN CHIEF, YOU CONVENED THE WAR COUNCIL. AS THE HEAD OF THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH, YOU CHALLENGED THE GOVERNMENT TO DO ITS JOB IN EVERY ASPECT OF THEIR RESPONSIBILITY. YOU PRAYED FOR PEOPLE AND THE NATION. AND FOR HUMANITY. YOU RALLIED THE RESCUE WORKERS. AND YOU COMFORTED THE VICTIMS. AND HE LOOKED AT ME AND ALL HE SAID WAS, THANK YOU. 39 NOW, I KNOW THERE IS GREAT CONTROVERSY ABOUT ANY ELECTED OFFICIAL. AND THAT THIS TIME OF PARTISANSHIP, IT'S KIND OF GONE TO PRACTICE PARTISANSHIP. THAT IS ONE OF THE GREAT GIVES OUR FOREFATHERS GAVE US. INTERESTINGLY, THEY DIDN'T GIVE US A TWO-PARTY SYSTEM. WE FOUND IT ON OUR OWN. BUT I WOULD LIKE YOU TO THINK ABOUT THE PRESIDENT AS HI REALLY IS. NOT GEORGE BUSH, AS SOMEONE WHO IS PERSONIFIED IN OUR CONSTITUTION. YOU SEE, THAT GREAT DOCUMENT WE CALL A CONSTITUTION HAS THREE PARTS TO IT ARTICLE I, THAT'S ALL OF US. IT'S OUR GOVERNMENT! AND ARTICLE I TELLS US IT'S OUR GOVERNMENT. WE HAVE REPRESENTATIVES IN THAT GOVERNMENT, AND THEY'RE CALLED MEMBERS OF CONGRESS, OR 40 UNITED STATES SENATORS. AND ARTICLE 3, THAT'S THE FOX WHO KEEP US OBJECTIVE, AND DON'T GET -- THAT'S THE FOLKS WHO KEEP US OBJECTIVE AND DON'T GET LOST IN THE EMOTION OF THE MOMENT OR THE POLITICS OF OPPORTUNITY. THAT'S THE JUDICIARY. BUT IT'S ARTICLE II, THAT TAKES THE FORM OF ONE PERSON. NOT 300 MILLION, NOT 7 OR 9, OR 6 OR 3, DEPENDING ON WHICH COURT YOU LOOK AT, ONE PERSON. I GOT TO WORK FOR THE PERSONIFICATION OF OUR CONSTITUTION. AND THE BURDEN THAT THE PRESIDENT CARRIES, ANY PRESIDENT, LIBERAL, OR CONSERVATIVE, REPUBLICAN OR DEMOCRAT, WIG FEDERAL LIST, HAS THE SAME OBLIGATION, TO PRESERVE, PROTECT AND DEFEND THE CONSTITUTION. AND IT PROBABLY WAS ABRAHAM LINCOLN WHO HAD THE TOUGHEST JOB, BUT GEORGE W. BUSH HAS NOT HAD AN 41 EASY ONE. I GOT TO WATCH THE PRESIDENT. I CAME TO RESPECT THE PRESIDENT, BECAUSE I WATCHED HIM IN HIS RESPONSIBILITIES. WHEN I SAY THE PRESIDENT DOESN'T MAKE AN EASY DECISION, OH, HOW HE WOULD LIKE TO. BUT AS THE CHIEF OF STAFF'S JOB TO KEEP EASY DECISIONS AWAY FROM HIM. SO HE HAS THE TIME TO BE PREPARED TO MAKE THE TOUGHEST DECISIONS. THERE IS NO TOUGHER DECISION THAN THE ONE THAT CENTERS AROUND THAT OBLIGATION. BUT THE PRESIDENT HAD TO ACCEPT, FOR US, ON SEPTEMBER 11TH, OF 2001. BUT THAT DECISION THAT THE PRESIDENT ACCEPTS, CANNOT BE ADDRESSED BY THE PRESIDENT ALONE. OH, HOW HE WOULD LOVE TO BE ABLE TO KEEP THAT OATH ALL BY HIMSELF. OH, HOW HE WOULD LIKE TO PROTECT US ALL BY HIMSELF. 42 BUT HE CAN'T. HE NEEDS HELP. THE GREATEST BURDEN COMES FROM THOSE PEOPLE WHO ARE VOLUNTEERS. AND MOST OF THEM ARE YOUNG. THEY'RE YOUR AGE. THEY'RE 18, 19, 20, 21 YEARS OLD. AND THEY RAISED THEIR HAND AND THEY TAKEN A OATH TO PROTECT AND DEFEND THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES AGAINST ALL ENEMIES, FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC. BUT THEN THEY TAKE ANOTHER OATH. IT'S MUCH LONGER OATH. IT'S AN OATH THAT CALLS FOR THEM TO FOLLOW THE COMMAND OF THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF. IT'S THAT OATH THAT PUTS THE BURNED ON THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF. INTERESTINGLY, THE PRESIDENT'S OATH, DOES NOT HAVE A CONDITIONAL CLAUSE TO IT. THE PRESIDENT DOESN'T HAVE THE LUXURY OF KEEPING THE OATH, IF, IF THE WIND IS BLOWING IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION, IF THE POLITICS 43 IS RIGHT, IF THE U.N. GIVES PERMISSION, IF THE FRENCH ARE ON YOUR SIDE, IT'S UNCONDITIONAL. THE OATH THAT THE YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN WHO PUT ON THOSE ARMY UNIFORMS OR THE NAVY UNIFORMS OR MARINE UNIFORMS OR COAST GUARD UNIFORMS OR AIR FORCE UNIFORMS, THEY'RE THE ONES WHO ALSO TAKEN A UNCONDITIONAL OATH. AND THAT'S THE GREAT BURDEN THE PRESIDENT CARRIES. I'VE BEEN WITH THE PRESIDENT IN THE MOST PRIVATE OF SETTINGS. AS HE WEIGHS THE COUNSEL AND ADVICE HE GETS, BUT KNOWS THAT THE DECISION IS HIS. IT'S NOT A COLLECTIVE DECISION, IT'S A PERSONAL DECISION. I'VE WATCHED THE DISCIPLINE HE BRINGS TO THE JOB, THE DISCIPLINE OF FAITH, THE DISCIPLINE OF LOVE. TO LAURA AND JENNA AND FOR US. THE DISCIPLINE OF HAVING DONE HIS HOMEWORK. AND READ THE 44 BRIEFING PAPERS, AND SOUGHT THE ADVICE AND COUNSEL, AND WEIGHED THE OPTIONS. I'VE WATCHED, AS HE'S EXERCISED THE DISCIPLINE OF MAKING THE TOUGH DECISIONS. BECAUSE TIME CANNOT MAKE A PRESIDENTIAL DECISION. A PRESIDENT MUST. AND THAT'S A TOUGH THING TO WATCH. AND BEING THE PRESIDENT IS A VERY, VERY LONELY JOB. VERY LONELY. BUT THE TOUGHEST PART ABOUT THE JOB IS WHEN THE PRESIDENT WALKS INTO A HOSPITAL ROOM AT WALTER REED HOSPITAL OR SAN ANTONIO BURN CENTER OR BETHESDA NAVAL HOSPITAL. THERE'S NO PRESS THERE. THE STAFF IS NEARLY ABSENT. A SOLDIER GOES TO STAND FOR THE PRESIDENT, BUT HE DOESN'T HAVE ANY LEGS 45 A MARINE GOES TO RENDER A SALUTE TO THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF, BUT HE DOESN'T HAVE AN ARM. THE PRESIDENT STANDS AT ATTENTION. A CITATION IS READ. AND THEN THE PRESIDENT BENDS OVER AND PINS A PURPLE HEART ON A HOSPITAL GURNEY. AND HE SAYS, ON BEHALF OF A GRATEFUL NATION, THANK YOU FOR THE SACRIFICE. THAT'S HARD. WHEN HE GOES TO A HOLDING ROOM, AFTER A SPEECH, AND THERE'S FAMILY GATHERING, AND THEY'D BE CLUTCHING THE PHOTOGRAPH OR AN AMERICAN FLAG, THERE WERE TEARS, MAYBE SOME ANGER. RESOLVE. THE PRESIDENT SAYS, ON BEHALF OF A GRATEFUL NATION, THANK YOU FOR YOUR SACRIFICE. THAT'S HARD. I'VE BEEN TO ARLINGTON CEMETERY QUITE A BIT LATELY. THERE ARE AN AWFUL LOT OF WORLD WAR 2 VETERANS WHO ARE PASSING, 46 ROUGHLY A THOUSAND DAY ARE DYING. AND THERE ARE VETERANS OF THE KOREAN WAR, AND THE VIETNAM WAR. THE FIRST GULF WAR. AND THERE ARE SOLDIERS, SAILORS, MARINES, AIRMEN AND COAST GUARDSMEN. WHO ARE BEING BURIED BECAUSE OF THEIR SERVICE. AND AT EVERY SERVICE TAPS IS PLAYED, A FLAG IS FOLDED, WITH THE GREATEST OF RESPECT. A SALUTE IS RENDERED. AND A CHAPEL GOES TO A LOVED ONE -- A CHAPLAIN GOES A LOVED ONE, AND GIVES THEM A FLAG, FOLDED WITH RESPECT, AND SAYS, "ON BEHALF OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, AND A GRATEFUL NATION, THANK YOU FOR YOUR SACRIFICE. " THAT'S WHAT I WOULD LIKE YOU TO THINK ABOUT. NOW, I LOVE POLITICS. AND I GREW UP BELIEVING IT IS THE MOST NOBLE OF OPPORTUNITIES AND RESPONSIBILITY. I'D ASK YOU TO SEE IT THAT WAY, 47 TOO. YOU DON'T HAVE TO TAKE THE LABEL, POLITICIAN, WHICH I AM RAISING AS A TITLE, MAKE YOUR POLITICIAN SMARTER BY TALKING TO HIM, EDUCATE A BUREAUCRAT. PAY ATTENTION TO THE ISSUES. GET INVOLVED. BUT THE BEST THING THAT YOU CAN DO, TO CELEBRATE THIS COUNTRY, IS TO TAKE A LOOK AT OUR CONSTITUTION AGAIN. AND PARTICIPATE IN YOUR GOVERNMENT, FIRST BY VOTING. THE DECISIONS ARE REAL, THE PEOPLE WHO REPRESENT YOU HAVE TO MAKE. THEY DICTATE THE STRENGTH OF OUR ECONOMY, THE SAFETY OF OUR PEOPLE. HOW WE WILL TREAT EACH OTHER, HOW WE WILL COMMAND RESPECT. I DON'T KNOW, ARE ANY OF YOU NATURALIZED CITIZENS? FLORIDA HAS A LOT OF PEOPLE WHO ARE NATURALIZED CITIZENS. ANYBODY A 48 NATURALIZED CITIZEN? MOST OF US ARE CITIZENS BY THE ACCIDENT OF BIRTH. MY MOTHER DROPPED ME IN AMERICA. THEREFORE, I AM A CITIZEN OF THIS GREAT COUNTRY. AND I VIEWED IT AS KIND OF A RIGHT TO BE A CITIZEN. BUT THERE ARE LITERALLY MILLIONS OF PEOPLE WHO ARE STANDING IN LINE RIGHT NOW TO BECOME CITIZENS OF THIS COUNTRY. AND THEY'VE BEEN STANDING IN LINE FOR 10 YEARS, 12 YEARS. PRAYING THAT THEIR NAME WILL BE CALLED, AND THAT THEY WILL HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO GO TO SCHOOL. WHERE THEY WILL BE TAUGHT ABOUT THE CONSTITUTION, THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, THEY'LL LEARN THE PLEDGE ALLEGIANCE TO THE FLAG, THE NATIONAL ANTHEM. IF THEY PASS THE TEST, THEY'LL STAND BEFORE A JUDGE OR AN IMMIGRATION OFFICIAL, AND THEY'LL 49 BE ASKED TO STAND, AND RAISE THEIR RIGHT HAND, AND THEN THEY'RE ASKED, WILL YOU GIVE UP ALL OF YOUR ALLEGIANCE TO EVERYTHING ELSE IN YOUR LIFE? WILL YOU GIVE UP YOUR ALLEGIANCE TO THE QUEENS OR KINGS OR POTENTATES OR PRIME MINISTERS OR GOVERNMENTS? WILL YOU GIVE IT UP? WILL YOU PLEDGE ALLEGIANCE TO THE UNITED STATES? WILL YOU DEFEND THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES AGAINST ALL ENEMIES? FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC. IF THE GOVERNMENT CALLS AND SAYS, JOIN THE MILITARY, WILL YOU JOIN THE MILITARY? IF THE GOVERNMENT CALLS AND SAYS, WE NEED YOU TO BE IN CIVILIAN SERVICE TO THE GOVERNMENT, WILL YOU SAY YES? ARE YOU CRAZY? DO YOU KNOW WHAT YOU'RE AGREEING TO? DO YOU UNDERSTAND IT? 50 IF YOU DO, REALLY, YOU SAY IT TO GOD. AND IF YOU DO ALL OF THAT, YOUR HAND GOES DOWN IN THE MOST WONDERFUL TITLE IS GIVEN. AND THE MOST WONDERFUL TITLE IS GIVEN. WELCOME FELLOW CITIZEN. I SUSPECT THAT MOST PEOPLE, WHO ARE CITIZENS BY BIRTH DON'T KNOW WHAT THE OBLIGATION OF CITIZENSHIP IS. WOULDN'T IT BE NICE IF WE ALL HAD TO READ THAT OATH, TO UNDERSTAND IT? SO THIS ELECTIONS IS A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY, UNIQUE THAT IT DOESN'T COME EVERY YEAR, FOR THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, IT COMES EVERY OTHER YEAR. AND TO PICK A PRESIDENT, IT COMES ONCE EVERY FOUR YEARS. THIS IS A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY FOR YOU TO CELEBRATE OUR CONSTITUTION. IT STALE MAY NOT BE PERFECT. BUT IT'S BETTER THAN 51 ALL OF THE ALTERNATIVES. BUT IT GUARANTEES THAT THE GOVERNMENT IS YOURS. AND THE NUMBERS WILL BE PRETTY STAGGERING ON ELECTION DAY, BECAUSE SOMEONE WILL SAY, WOW, THERE'S A PRETTY GOOD TURNOUT, THERE'S A LOT OF CONTROVERSY AROUND THIS ELECTION AND PEOPLE HAVE SHOWN UP. THE PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE WHO VOTE WILL STILL BE ROUGHLY 40% OF THOSE WHO ARE ELIGIBLE. THAT'S BECAUSE WE'RE NOT OBLIGATED TO VOTE. WE'RE INVITED TO VOTE. WE'RE NOT REQUIRED TO VOTE. WE'RE INVITED TO VOTE. IN SOME COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD, EVEN SOME DEMOCRACIES, YOU ARE OBLIGATED TO VOTE. SOME COUNTRIES, YOU PAY A TAX IF YOU DON'T. IN SOME COUNTRIES, YOU HAVE TO VOTE, EVEN THOUGH THERE'S ONLY 52 ONE NAME ON THE BALLOT. BUT IN AMERICA, IT'S AN INVITATION. AND IT IS A GREAT PRIVILEGE. ACCEPT THE INVITATION. BE TURNED ON BY THIS COUNTRY. WE NEED YOU. SO, I'D BE GLAD TO TAKE QUESTIONS. I PURPOSELY DID NOT GET INTO THE CONTROVERSIAL TOPICS OF THE CAMPAIGN CYCLE, BUT I'M NOT AFRAID FOR YOUR QUESTIONS TO INCLUDE THOSE CONTROVERSIES. WITH THAT, I SAY, CELEBRATE AMERICA, IT'S A GREAT COUNTRY, AND IT'S MUCH BETTER THAN ANY OTHER ALTERNATIVE. THANK YOU VERY MUCH. [ APPLAUSE ] EVERY YEAR THE AMERICAN TAXPAYER SPENDS 500 BILLION DOLLARS ON THE MILITARY INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX. >> WHERE ARE YOU? I CAN'T SEE 53 YOU. >> I SAID EVERY YEAR WE SPEND ABOUT A HALF A TRILLION DOLLARS ON THE DEFENSE INDUSTRY. AND THIS YIELDS US INTELLIGENCE AND WEAPONS ET CETERA, TO KEEP US THE STRONGEST COUNTRY ON EARTH MILITARY SPEAKING. SINCE WE'RE THE STRONGEST COUNTRY ON EARTH MILITARILY SPEAKING WE ALSO HAVE A LOT OF REALLY GOOD INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES. I WAS WONDERING, SINCE ON AUGUST 6TH, 2001, THERE WAS A PRESIDENTIAL DAILY BRIEFING, TALKING ABOUT BIN LADEN DETERMINED TO STRIKE IN THE UNITED STATES, HOW COME NORAD, WHICH IS THE GOVERNMENT AGENCY IN CHARGE OF SHOOTING DOWN HIJACKED PLANES, HOW COME NORAD DIDN'T SHOOT DOWN THE PLANES, BECAUSE THERE WAS OVER AN HOUR TIME DURATION FROM THE FIRST TO THE LAST PLANE. SO I WAS JUST WONDERING, SINCE 54 WE WERE ON HIGH ALERT, BECAUSE OF THE CIA INTELLIGENCE, HOW COME NORAD DIDN'T SHOOT DOWN THE PLANES? I'LL TRY TO -- FIRST OF ALL, YOU HAVE TO DEAL WITH THE PRACTICE KALT. IN ORDER TO SHOOT DOWN A PLANE, THINK ABOUT IT. YOU'RE 21 YEARS OLD, YOU'RE IN THE COCKPIT OF A JET, THAT HAS JUST TAKEN OFF FROM AN AIR FORCE BASE. YOU HAVE A BILLION AND A HALF-DOLLAR PLANE, ON SALE. IT'S GOT WEAPONS ATTACHED TO IT, WHEN NORMALLY THE PLANE TAKES OFF AND IT DOESN'T HAVE WEAPONS ATTACHED TO IT. ALL OF A SUDDEN, YOU'RE TOLD, IT LOOKS LIKE THE ENEMY COULD BE A COMMERCIAL JETLINER FILLED WITH CIVILIANS, WHO MIGHT BE MY NEIGHBOR, OR MY WIFE, OR MY DAUGHTER. NORAD IS NOT GOING TO SAY, ON ITS OWN, SHOOT DOWN THE COMMERCIAL JETLINER. JUST A REALITY. SO, THEY NEED COVER. 55 THE COVER IS, WILL THE PRESIDENT AUTHORIZE ME TO SHOOT DOWN A JETLINER? PRETTY CREDIBLE. HE'S THE HEAD. THE PRESIDENT WAS ACTUALLY ASKED ABOUT THAT. WOULD YOU, MR. PRESIDENT, AUTHORIZE A PILOT TO SHOOT DOWN A COMMERCIAL JETLINER? I WAS THERE WHEN HE WAS ASKED. TALK ABOUT A TOUGH DECISION. NOW, THINK ABOUT GEORGE W. BUSH. WHO, AT AGE 21, WAS A JET FIGHTER PILOT. THERE'S NOT A DOUBT IN MY MIND THAT HE REFLECTED ON THAT. WOULD HE, AS A PILOT, HAVE HAD THE COURAGE TO PUSH THE BUTTON, IF THE COMMAND HAD COME TO SHOOT DOWN A COMMERCIAL JETLINER? I HOPE SO, BECAUSE THAT WAS HIS JOB. AGAIN, IT WASN'T CONDITIONAL WHEN HE ACCEPTED IT. BUT, FIRST OF ALL, NORAD DID NOT HAVE ENOUGH TIME TO SCRAMBLE ALL OF THE JETS, TO GET THEM UP, 56 TO GET THE COMMAND, TO BE ABLE TO SHOOT DOWN A COMMERCIAL JETLINER IN 2001. WOULD THEY HAVE THAT CAPACITY TODAY? I THINK THEY WOULD. COMMERCIAL PLANES ARE UNDER THE AEGIS OF THE FAA, NOT A MILITARY BRANCH, A BRANCH UNDER THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, ACTUALLY, ONE OF THE GREAT SUCCESS STORIES OF SEPTEMBER 11TH, 2001, IS HOW THE FAA GOT ALL OF THE TENS OF THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE ON THE GROUND SAFELY THAT WERE IN THE AIR. IN A PHENOMENALLY SHORT PERIOD OF TIME. IN AIRPORTS THAT WERE OVERCROWDED, WITH PLANES COMING IN ON RUNWAYS. OUR ALLIES AROUND THE WORLD, ESPECIALLY THE CANADIANS, HELPED AN AWFUL LOT. THERE WAS GREAT SUCCESS THERE. BUT I DON'T THINK THAT IT WAS REALISTIC TO EXPECT OUR MILITARY, 57 IN THE CLIMATE OF 2001, TO SAY THAT WE WOULD ANTICIPATE HAVING A LOCKED AND LOADED FIGHTER PILOT, READY TO SHOOT DOWN A COMMERCIAL PLANE, IN THE SHORT PERIOD OF TIME OF NOTICE THAT THEY HAD. I JUST DON'T BELIEVE IT. WITH REGARD TO THE MONEY SPENT BY THE DEFENSE DEPARTMENT, I KNOW EVERYBODY THINKS THE DEFENSE DEPARTMENT SPENDS MORE MONEY EXCEPT THE DEFENSE DEPARTMENT. I GUARANTEE YOU HAS AND TRANSPORTATION AND OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET, ALWAYS SAYING CUT CUT CUT. BUT THE DEFENSE DEPARTMENT DOES HAVE THE OBLIGATION TO FOLLOW THE PRESIDENT'S CHARGE TO PROTECT US, NOT JUST TODAY, BUT FOR UNANTICIPATED FUTURE CHALLENGES. AND I DON'T KNOW THAT I'M COMFORTABLE WITH ALL THE MONEY THEY SPEND AND HOW THEY SPEND IT, BUT I'M GLAD THAT THEY DO, 58 BECAUSE WE NEED THEM. AND THE NATURE OF THE ENEMY SUGGESTS WE NEED THEM. I APPRECIATE THE NATURE OF THE QUESTION, AND I DON'T ARGUE WITH THE SO-CALLED MILITARY INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENT THAT YOU ALLUDED TO, BUT THAT'S NOT THE ONLY REASON FOR THE MILITARY, THE REAL REASON FOR THE MILITARY IS TO HELP THE PRESIDENT KEEP HIS OATH, AND THEY MUST DO IT AND STAY AHEAD OF THE ENEMY, KNOWN AND UNKNOWN, ANTICIPATED AND UNANTICIPATED. THEY DO A FABULOUS JOB. I DON'T THINK WE HAD THE ABILITY TO INTERRUPT THE ATTACK ON SEPTEMBER 11TH THE WAY ANY ONE OF US WOULD HAVE WANTED TO. WITH REGARD TO THAT INTELLIGENCE REPORT IN AUGUST OF 2001, I GOT THE SAME INTELLIGENCE REPORT. I MEAN, IT WAS -- TO ME, IT WAS NOT A -- YOUR PANTS ARE ON 59 FIRE KIND OF INTELLIGENCE REPORT. IF THERE WAS AN EXPECTATION OF A HIJACKING THAT WAS MORE THAN TRADITIONAL EXPECTATION OF A HIJACKING, WHERE PEOPLE WOULD WANT TO NEGOTIATE SOMETHING, RATHER THAN USE A COMMERCIAL PLANE AS A WEAPON, A WEAPON OF MASS DESTRUCTION. REMEMBER, THE TARGET THAT WAS HIT, IF EVERY ONE OF THE OFFICES HAD BEEN FILLED AT THE WORLD TRADE CENTER, THE NUMBER OF DEATHS WOULD HAVE BEEN A MULTIPLE PROBABLY 10 FROM WHAT THEY WERE. AND IF THE PLANE THAT CRASHED OR WAS DRIVEN INTO THE GROUND IN SHANKSVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA AND HIT THE PRESUMED TARGET AT THE NATION'S CAPITOL, WHITE HOUSE, THE NUMBER OF DEATHS WOULD HAVE BEEN HUGE, THIS WAS TRULY AN ATTACK OF A WEAPON OF MASS DESTRUCTION AND THE JETLINER WAS THE WEAPON. NEXT QUESTION. YES. 60 >> THANK YOU, MR. CARD. I HAVE A TAX POLICY QUESTION FOR YOU. THERE ARE A LOT OF PROPOSALS TO REFORM THE TAX SYSTEM. I WANTED TO ASK YOU SPECIFICALLY ABOUT HOUSE BILL 25, ALSO KNOWN AS THE FAIR TAX. ARE YOU FAMILIAR WITH IT? HOW DO YOU FEEL ABOUT IT? AND CAN YOU GIVE US ANY INSIGHTS HOW THE PRESIDENT FEELS ABOUT IT? ONE OF THE ADVANTAGES OF BEING CHIEF OF STAFF IS A LOT OF PEOPLE WANT TO TALK TO ME, ESPECIALLY MEMBERS OF CONGRESS WHO HAD LEGISLATION THEY LIKED. I WAS PRETTY WELL EDUCATED ON A LOT OF BILLS AND I KNOW THE FAIR TAX PROPOSAL QUITE WELL. IT'S VERY INTRIGUING TAX SYSTEM. IT WOULD BE MASSIVE REFORM. I'M SOMEONE WHO ACTUALLY THINKS THERE NEEDS TO BE REFORM IN OUR TAX SYSTEM. BUT I DON'T THINK IT'S LIKELY 61 TO COME IN THE SHORT TERM. I HAD DINNER WITH A GROUP OF PEOPLE, AND I SAID, IT'S ALMOST KIND OF SAD WE THINK OF POLITICS IN THE CONTEXT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE. IF IT WERE ALL POLITICAL SCIENCE, THERE WOULD BE SOME COMPUTER PROGRAM WHO COULD RUN OUR GOVERNMENT FOR US AND WE COULD JUST TURN IT OVER TO SOME GIANT COMPUTER, AND IT WOULD DO WHAT WAS RIGHT ALL THE TIME. I ACTUALLY BELIEVE, IT SHOULD BE CALLED THE ART OF POLITICS. RATHER THAN THE SCIENCE OF POLITICS. AND THE ART OF POLITICS MEANS THAT YOU HAVE TO DEAL WITH THE REALITY OF DIFFERENT PERSONALITIES IN THE DIFFERENT BRANCHS OF GOVERNMENT. AND AS YOU KNOW, THERE ARE LOTS OF TYPE A PERSONALITIES WHO SERVE IN THE GOVERNMENT AND A FEW TYPE F PERSONALITIES THAT SERVE 62 IN THE GOVERNMENT. THEY DON'T ALWAYS SHARE THE SAME SPACE THE SAME WAY. I FIND IT VERY INTRIGUING. A PRESIDENT AND CHIEF OF STAFF FOR EXAMPLE, CABINET MEMBER ALWAYS HAS TO WORK TO TRY TO PRODUCE RESULTS THAT ARE PRETTY CONSISTENT WITH WHAT YOU WANT. THEY AREN'T NECESSARILY EXACTLY WHAT YOU DREAMED OF. AND I THINK THE FAIR TAX IS SOMETHING THAT SOMEONE DREAMS FOR, BUT IT'S NOT LIKELY TO HAPPEN THE WAY THEY ARE DREAMING. I THINK THAT IT'S MUCH MORE PRACTICAL FOR US TO TALK ABOUT THE TAX CUTS THAT WE ARE LIVING WITH RIGHT NOW. EVERY SINGLE AMERICAN HAD THEIR TAXES CUT DURING THIS PRESIDENT'S TENURE, EVERY SINGLE AMERICAN, WE ALL HAD OUR TAXES CUT. IT WAS CONTROVERSIAL, HE CAMPAIGNED ON IT, HE WON ON IT 63 AND HE GOT IT DONE. CONGRESS PASSED TAX CUTS IN JUNE OF 2001. THEY PASSED THE TAX CUTS IN THE FALL OF 2001, IN RESPONSE TO SEPTEMBER 11TH, TO TRY TO KEEP THE ECONOMY GOING. THEY PASSED A FEW OTHER TAX CUTS IN 2002 AND 2003. MOST OF THOSE TAX CUTS, BECAUSE OF THE ARCANE RULES OF CONGRESS, EXPIRE. THEY EXPIRE. UNDER THE SO-CALLED BYRD RULES. THAT MEANS THAT THE TAXES WILL GO UP AUTOMATICALLY. FOR ALMOST EVERY AMERICAN, IF CONGRESS DOESN'T EXTEND THE TAX CUTS. IT COULD BE A SHOCKING INCREASE IN TAXES. WHEN I SAY "SHOCKING," IT MAY NOT BE SHOCKING TO YOU INDIVIDUALLY BECAUSE YOU MAY SUPPORT HIGHER TAXES BUT IT WILL BE SHOCKING TO OUR ECONOMY BECAUSE ONE OF THE WAYS WE KEEP OUR ECONOMY MOVING IS 64 PREDICTABILITY. WHAT WILL THE TAXES BE? I WANT TO MAKE INVESTMENT DECISIONS BASED ON WHAT THE TAXES WILL BE. RIGHT NOW, WE'RE APPROACHING THE WINDOW PREDICTABILITY STARTS TO DISAPPEAR. THAT'S ONE REASON I AM PROUDLY A REPUBLICAN. IN THIS ELECTION, I THINK THE REPUBLICANS ARE MORE LIKELY TO SUPPORT CONTINUING THE TAX CUTS THAT ARE IN PLACE, RATHER THAN HAVING THEM EXPIRE, CREDIBLE DEBATE. IT'S NOT A DEBATE THAT CAN BE ANSWERED IN THE NORMAL WAY I WOULD SAY, IF YOU HAVE A PARTICULAR VIEW, THAT YOU ALWAYS HAVE A STOCK GAP BECAUSE THE PRESIDENT CAN VETO LEGISLATION, CONGRESS WANTS TO INCREASE TASK FORCE EXAMPLE, I'VE BEEN TOLD, THAT'S NO PROBLEM, THE PRESIDENT CAN JUST VETO IT, THE TAXES WON'T GO UP. IT'S A LITTLE DIFFERENT THIS 65 TIME BECAUSE THE TAXES WILL GO UP AUTOMATICALLY UNLESS CONGRESS PASSES SOMETHING THE PRESIDENT SIGNS. THAT'S ONE REASON THIS ELECTION IS VERY IMPORTANT TO THE ECONOMY, TO PAY ATTENTION TO THE TAX CUTS. EVEN MORE IMPORTANT THAN TAX REFORM IS REFORM OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM, WHICH IS THE BURDEN YOU ARE GOING TO BE SADDLED WITH BECAUSE YOU'LL BE TAKING CARE OF ME, SO YOU WANT TO REFORM THE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM, AND I ALSO THINK WE NEED TO DO AN AWFUL LOT MORE WORK IN THE HEALTHCARE AREA. I FAVOR TRANSPARENCY. IF WE ALL KNEW WHAT HEALTHCARE COSTS REALLY ARE, AND WHAT THE SERVICES WE GET REALLY COST, WE WOULD HAVE MORE CHOICES IN THE MARKETPLACE. THAT MIGHT HELP TO BRING MORE DISCIPLINE TO THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM. 66 I THINK THOSE TWO REFORMS ARE MUCH MORE IMPORTANT THAN TAX REFORM IN THE SHORT TERM. NEXT QUESTION. >> I WANT TO FIRST THANK YOU FOR SPEAKING TO US TONIGHT. SECOND, MY QUESTION INVOLVED SOCIAL SECURITY REFORM. SPECIFICALLY, WHY YOU THINK IT FAILED TO GAIN TRACTION. >> IT GAINED NO TRACTION BECAUSE THERE WAS NO POLITICAL WILL TO TACKLE IT. I THINK ANYONE WHO SITS DOWN AND TAKES AN OBJECTIVE LOOK AT THE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM AND HOW ITS OBLIGATIONS ARE GROWING COMPARED TO ITS ABILITY TO PRODUCE REVENUE WOULD SAY, IT'S BROKE AND YOU HAVE TO FIX IT. SO, I THINK OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS WOULD SAY, THE STATUS QUO WAS NOT VIABLE, AS YOU WILL BE ENTERING THE AGE OF COLLECTING SOCIAL SECURITY. 67 SO THE QUESTION IS, WHAT WILL YOU DO ABOUT IT? I THINK THE POLITICS WAS MUCH MORE EXCITING THAN THE POLICY. IT BECAME AN OPPORTUNITY FOR STRIDENCY ON BOTH SIDES. YOU MUST FIX IT, DOESN'T TOUCH SOCIAL SECURITY. THERE WAS A GREAT FEVER FACTOR, IF YOU CHANGE SOCIAL SECURITY, THEREFORE, YOU ARE TAKING AWAY MY GRANDMOTHER'S SOCIAL SECURITY CHECK, WHEN I KNOW THAT'S NOT THE WAY IT IS AT ALL. THIS IS A CHANGE OVER TIME FOR THE FUTURE. ANYONE COLLECTING SOCIAL SECURITY WILL NOT SEE THEIR BENEFITS REDUCED ONE THIN DIME. IN FACT, THEY MAY WELL SEE THEIR BENEFITS BE MORE SECURE. I THINK THE NATURE OF POLITICS, THE PRESIDENT WAS HOPING TO -- THE DEBATE AROUND SOCIAL SECURITY REFORM WOULD HAVE BEEN LED BY THE GRAY BEARDS OF BOTH THE REPUBLICAN AND DEMOCRAT 68 PARTIES. AND THAT'S WHY FORMER SENATOR PATRICK MONOHAN WAS NAMED BY THE PRESIDENT TO TAKE A LOOK AT THE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS AND HE DID A FABULOUS JOB LOOKING AT REPUBLICANS AND DEMOCRATS AND NONPARTISANS AND SMART PEOPLE. THEY SPENT HOURS AND DAYS AND WEEKS AND MONTHS WORKING ON IT AND DID A FABULOUS JOB. THEY PRESENTED A REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS AND THE PRESIDENT SAID, I LIKE SOME OF IT NOT ALL OF IT AND CONGRESS SAID WE'RE AFRAID TO TOUCH ANY OF IT. AS A RESULT, IT DIDN'T GO ANYWHERE. THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT. I HOPE -- YOU'RE THE ONES THAT WILL HELP MAKE SOCIAL SECURITY REFORM HAPPEN. IF YOU DON'T GET ENGAGED, IT WON'T HAPPEN, THEN YOU'RE GOING TO BE CARRYING A BURDEN YOU CAN'T CARRY IN ABOUT 20 YEARS. WE NEED TO REFORM 69 SOCIAL SECURITY. BUT IT WAS POLITICS, THE SHORT ANSWER WAS POLITICS. YES. >> THANK YOU FOR COMING, MR. CARD. MY QUESTION REGARDS DONALD RUMSFELD. IN LIEU OF THE RECENT IRAQ WAR. >> I SEE YOU'RE CARRYING DON RUMSFELD'S BOOK. >> WELL, I'M LIKE ON ALMOST EVERY PAGE. >> WHAT IS YOUR OPINION OF THE CONTINUED RETENTION OF DONALD RUMSFELD OF HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AND DO YOU THINK THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE WOULD BE MORE EFFECTIVELY RUN IF MORE CHANGE WERE MADE. >> DON'T BELIEVE EVERYTHING THAT IS WRITTEN. I BELIEVE YOU CAN BELIEVE ALL THE QUOTES ATTRIBUTED TO ME, I THINK THEY'RE ACCURATE. I HAVE NO REASON TO BELIEVE THE QUOTES ARE ACCURATE. THE CONTEXT IS DEFINITELY NOT THE REALITY, 70 EVEN THOUGH IT CAN BE PERCEIVED THAT WAY, IF YOU READ THE BOOK. A CHIEF OF STAFF'S JOB, I WILL BE REAL CANDID WITH YOU. MY JOB WAS TO HAVE UNVARNISHED CONVERSATIONS WITH THE PRESIDENT. THAT'S WHAT YOU DO, WALK IN, SHUT THE DOOR, SAY, MR. PRESIDENT, WAKE UP AND PAY ATTENTION OR SAY, TAKE TIME TO SMELL THE ROSES OR YOU SAY, THAT STINKS, OR YOU SAY, HE'S HELPING OR HE'S HURTING. YOU ALSO SAY, MR. PRESIDENT, IF YOU WANT TO MAKE ANY CHANGES, IT'S GOOD TIME TO MAKE SOME CHANGES. YOU MIGHT WANT TO START WITH YOUR CHIEF OF STAFF. DON'T YOU THINK YOU SHOULD CHANGE YOUR CHIEF OF STAFF. YOU TOLD ME YOU WANTED TO MAKE LOT OF CHANGES AND NOBODY WILL BELIEVE YOU MADE A CHANGE UNLESS YOU CHANGE YOUR CHIEF OF STAFF. I WOULD SAY, CHANGE ME. HERE'S A WHOLE BUNCH OF PEOPLE WHO WOULD MAKE GREAT 71 REPLACEMENTS. I DID THAT WITH LITERALLY EVERY MEMBER OF THE CABINET. SO, DID I SUGGEST CHANGES TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE POSITION? YES! WERE THERE ALSO TIMES I SAID TO THE PRESIDENT, IF YOU'RE THINKING ABOUT MAKING ANY CHANGES, DON'T DO IT NOW! IT'S A REALLY BAD TIME. FOR EXAMPLE, I WOULD NOT RECOMMEND THAT THE PRESIDENT CHANGE ANY HIGH PROFILE CABINET MEMBER IN SEPTEMBER OF AN ELECTION YEAR. I WOULDN'T DO IT. WHY? BECAUSE WHOEVER REPLACES THAT CABINET MEMBER HAS TO BE CONFIRMED BY THE SENATE. AND THERE'LL BE HEARINGS BEFORE THE SENATE JUST BEFORE AN ELECTION AND THAT POOR PERSON THAT YOU NOMINATED TO SERVE IN THAT POSITION WILL HAVE TO DEFEND EVERYTHING THAT THEY WERE NOT PART OF. 72 SO, YEAH, I WOULD GO TO THE PRESIDENT AND SAY, DON'T MAKE ANY CHANGES. THERE WERE OTHER TIMES, I SAID, MAKE SOME CHANGES, HERE ARE SOME GOOD ARGUMENTS FOR CHANGE AND HERE ARE SOME GOOD ARGUMENTS AGAINST IT. HERE ARE SOME GOOD ARGUMENTS FOR PEOPLE THAT MIGHT REPLACE THAT PERSON. IT IS A FACT I DID RECOMMEND MAKING CHANGES IN THE DEFENSE DEPARTMENT AND A FACT I SAID ALMOST THE SAME THING ABOUT EVERY OTHER CABINET POSITION AND MOST SENIOR WHITE HOUSE STAFF POSITIONS. IT'S WRONG TO IMPLY I MOUNT AD CAMPAIGN TO GET RID OF ANYBODY. A CHIEF OF STAFF DOESN'T NEED TO MOUNT A CAMPAIGN. THE CHIEF OF STAFF HAS TO MOUNT A CAMPAIGN, HE SHOULDN'T BE THE CHIEF OF STAFF. I COULD TALK TO THE PRESIDENT AND I DIDN'T HAVE TO GO AROUND HIS BACK OR ENCOURAGE OTHER PEOPLE TO 73 TALK TO HIM ABOUT IT. THAT'S WHAT I DISAGREE WITH IN THE BOOK OF BOB WOODWARD. I THINK IT'S THE PRESIDENT'S DECISION WHO HE WANTS TO RUN THE CABINET. HE'S THE PRESIDENT, GOT ELECTED BY US, ACTUALLY GOT ELECTED BY AN ELECTORAL COLLEGE GUIDED BY US, BUT THE COLLEGE ELECTED HIM, ALL RIGHT, THE COURTS PLAYED A ROLE. BUT ULTIMATELY IT WAS THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE THAT CAST THEIR VOTES ON THE FLOOR OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS IN THE HOUSE AND THE PRESIDENT GOT ELECTED. HE HAS THE OBLIGATION, BUT THE PEOPLE ON HIS TEAM THAT HE THINK WILL DO THE BEST JOB. IF HE WANTS TO HAVE DON RUMSFELD AS SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, I APPLAUD HIM. THE SAME, HE WANTS DON RUMSFELD. THAT'S LOOK, IF THERE WAS A 74 VOTE FOR EVERY MEMBER OF THE CABINET, ALMOST EVERY MEMBER OF THE CABINET WOULD LOSE. BECAUSE YOU DON'T EVEN KNOW MOST OF THEM. HOW MANY OF YOU KNOW THE NAMES OF MEMBERS OF THE CABINET? OKAY. YOU MAY KNOW, ALBERTO GONZALEZ, ATTORNEY GENERAL, JOHN ASHCROFT USED TO BE. A LOT OF YOU STILL THINK HE IS. NEXT QUESTION. >> I WAS WONDERING WHAT IS YOUR OPINION ON THE MILITARY COMMISSION ACT AND DO YOU THINK IT'S UNCONSTITUTIONAL AND DO YOU THINK WHETHER OR NOT IT GIVES TOO MUCH POWER TO THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH, SPECIFICALLY THE QUESTIONS DEALING WITH HABEAS CORPUS AND THE INABILITY OF A JUDGE TO HEAR DETAILS ON ENEMY COMBATANT'S DETAINMENT? I FEEL SO STRONGLY THAT THE PRESIDENCY HAS BEEN WEAKENED, NOT STRENGTHENED OVER THE COURSE OF THE LAST THREE PRESIDENCIES. SO 75 I DON'T BUY THIS ARGUMENT THAT THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH IS TOO STRONG OR BECOMING TOO STRONG. I ACTUALLY THINK THEY'VE BEEN WEAKENED SIGNIFICANTLY, PROBABLY EVER SINCE THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH WAS CREATED BECAUSE THERE IS ALWAYS NATURAL TENSION BETWEEN ARTICLE I AND ARTICLE II AND ARTICLE III AND ARTICLE II. THERE ALWAYS HAS BEEN. I DISAGREE WITH THE SUPREME COURT RULING, THAT WAS SPLIT RULING THAT CALLED THE PRESIDENT'S MILITARY TRIBUNALS UNCONSTITUTIONAL. I ACTUALLY DISAGREE WITH THE RULINGS, SO I ACTUALLY SUPPORTED THE ARGUMENTS THAT THE GOVERNMENT HAD MADE, THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH HAD MADE BEFORE THE SUPREME COURT. IT WAS A VERY CLOSE CALL BY THE SUPREME COURT, IT WASN'T LIKE A SLAM-DUNK. IT WAS GEORGE TENET WHO SAID SLAM-DUNK ABOUT THE 76 WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION, BUT IT WAS A VERY CLOSE CALL. I ACTUALLY BELIEVE WHAT THE PRESIDENT WAS DOING WAS CONSTITUTIONAL AND I SUPPORT A STRONG ARTICLE II RATHER THAN A WEAK ARTICLE II BECAUSE I THINK THE PRESIDENT HAS A BURDEN UNLIKE ANYBODY ELSE'S. ALL YOU HAVE TO DO IS GO BACK AND READ ABOUT THE TOUGHEST JOB ANY PRESIDENT HAD, WHICH WAS ABRAHAM LINCOLN. READ GOODMAN'S BOOK ABOUT ABRAHAM LINCOLN. SEE WHAT HE DID TO KEEP HIS OATH THAT CAUSED HIM TO STRAIN THE DEFINITION OF OUR CONSTITUTION ON HABEAS CORPUS IN PARTICULAR. I'M GLAD THAT HE DID. I'M GLAD HE KEPT US A UNION, BECAUSE HE SAVED US. I WOULD PLEAD WITH YOU TO DO THAT. WHILE I'M TALKING ABOUT BOOKS, CAN I RECOMMEND A BOOK TO YOU? I RECOMMENDED IT TO DEAN 77 HEDGE. I WISH THAT I HAD BEEN ABLE TO READ WHAT IS IN THIS BOOK IN 2001, BEFORE THE ATTACK ON SEPTEMBER 11TH, AT A MINIMUM, I WISH I HAD BEEN ABLE TO READ IT IN 2002. OKAY? IT'S CALLED THE LOOMING TOWER, LOOMING. WRITTEN BY LAWRENCE WRIGHT, A JOURNALIST. I DON'T KNOW ANYTHING ABOUT HIM. IT IS THE HISTORY OF THE AL QAEDA TERRORIST NETWORK. IT IS EXTREMELY WELL RESEARCHED AND VERY WELL WRITTEN. AND I COMMEND IT TO YOU BECAUSE IT WILL GIVE YOU A DEFINITION OF THE ENEMY WE FACE. I KNOW, THE WAR IN IRAQ IS NO FUN. NOBODY LIKES IT. BUT IT IS REALLY IMPORTANT THAT WE MAKE SURE IRAQ DOES NOT BECOME A SAFE HAVEN FOR THESE KINDS OF PEOPLE. IT IS VERY IMPORTANT AFGHANISTAN NOT BECOME 78 A SAFE HAVEN AGAIN FOR THESE KINDS OF PEOPLE. READ THE BOOK. I DOUBT LAWRENCE WRIGHT VOTED FOR THE PRESIDENT. I DOUBT HE'S A REGISTERED REPUBLICAN. BUT HE HAS A VERY WELL RESEARCHED BOOK. TO MY KNOWLEDGE, HE HAD SOME PHENOMENAL ACCESS TO BAD GUYS, AND SOME GOOD GUYS, AS HE RESEARCHED THE BOOK AND WROTE IT. I'VE BEEN GETTING THE SIGNAL FOR ANDREW. I THINK I'VE OVERSTAYED MY WELCOME. I AM STILL A PROUD GAME COCK. I KNOW YOU'RE GOING TO BE PLAYING SOUTH CAROLINA IN A COUPLE WEEKS, I THINK. DON'T BE TOO TOUGH ON STEVE SPURRIER. I KNOW. I WOULD LOVE TO COME BACK AND SEE YOU AGAIN AND I APPRECIATE WHAT YOU'RE DOING. IF YOU REMEMBER NOTHING FROM TODAY, DON'T REMEMBER MY NAME, I WOULD JUST LIKE YOU TO REMEMBER WHAT AN 79 HONOR AND PRIVILEGE IT IS TO BE A CITIZEN OF THIS COUNTRY, AND THAT WE ACTUALLY HAVE SOME RESPONSIBILITIES BECAUSE WE ARE CITIZENS. IT DOESN'T MEAN THAT YOU CAN JUST SHOW UP AND TAKE IT ALL FOR GRANTED. THERE ARE LOTS OF YOUNG PEOPLE THAT MAKE SACRIFICES FOR YOU. BELIEVE ME, THEY'RE DOING IT FOR YOU. THEY'RE DOING IT BECAUSE THE PRESIDENT ASKED THEM TO DO IT, BUT THEY'RE DOING IT FOR YOU. SO WHEN YOU SEE AN ROTC GUY RUNNING AROUND CAMPUS, OR GAL, IN THEIR ARMY UNIFORM OR NAVY UNIFORM, THANK THEM. BECAUSE THE COUNTRY NEEDS THEM. AND IF THE COUNTRY DIDN'T GET PEOPLE TO VOLUNTEER, THEY WOULD DO WHAT THEY DID WHEN I WAS YOUR AGE. THEY HAD A LOTTERY. MY NUMBER CAME UP. MY DATE OF BIRTH CAME UP NUMBER 10. IN THE DRAFT. I WAS ALREADY NAVY ROTC, SO IT 80 DIDN'T IMPACT ME. BUT I HAVE A LOT OF MY FRIENDS WHO AGONIZED WHEN THEY GOT THE LETTER, SAYING, SHOW UP FOR A PHYSICAL. AND SOME OF THEM SAID, I WON'T DO IT, AND THEY ENDED UP BEING CRIMINALS. YOU WANT THE PEOPLE WHO ARE SERVING IN OUR COUNTRY TO WANT TO SERVE OUR COUNTRY. THANK THEM FOR DOING IT, BECAUSE IF THEY WEREN'T DOING IT, SOME PRESIDENT MIGHT HAVE TO TELL YOU, YOU MUST, WHETHER YOU LIKE IT OR NOT. THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS YOU. [ APPLAUSE ]